Molecular Formula | C44H64O24 |
Molar Mass | 976.97 |
Density | 1.54±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) |
Melting Point | 186° (effervescence) |
Boling Point | 1169.0±65.0 °C(Predicted) |
Flash Point | 336.4°C |
Solubility | DMSO (Slightly, Heated), Methanol (Very Slightly, Sonicated) |
Vapor Presure | 0mmHg at 25°C |
Appearance | Dark red crystalline powder |
Color | Orange to Very Dark Purple |
Merck | 14,2589 |
pKa | 12.20±0.70(Predicted) |
Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
Stability | Light Sensitive |
Sensitive | Easily absorbing moisture |
Refractive Index | 1.641 |
MDL | MFCD00017495 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | By Gardenia (Gardenia in. Sinoids L, produced in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong and other places in China) fruit, flowers of the genus toona (Cedrelatoona), flowers of the genus verbascumofficale, saffron (Crocus sativus flower and other preparation of a kind of edible natural yellow pigment. The yellow pigment is a glycoside of the flowers, belonging to the carotenoid system in the acid (C20 H24O4) two gentian sugar ester. Α-crocidin is hydrolyzed to crocidic acid and glucose. The maximum absorption wavelength was 464.4nm. Α-crocin is red-brown needle-like crystals. Slightly odorous. Melting point 180 °c. Soluble in hot water, orange solution. Slightly soluble in ethanol, ether and other organic solvents. Insoluble in oil and fat. The aqueous solution is weakly acidic or neutral, transparent and bright yellow, and the maximum absorption wavelength is 442nm. The color tone is hardly affected by the pH value. Light resistance, heat resistance in neutral or alkaline, acid time difference. Metal ion resistance (in addition to iron, iron black) good. The dyeing property of protein is better than that of starch, and is not affected by pH value (pH 4~10). |
Safety Description | 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. |
WGK Germany | 3 |
RTECS | HL7380000 |
FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 1-8-10 |
HS Code | 32129000 |
Reference Show more | 1. Wearing wisdom Huang Shiwen Ni Sui et al. Determination of Carthamus tinctorius L. And Carthamus tinctorius L. Contents by HPLC [J]. Wild Plant resources in China, 2016, 35(002):14-18. 2. Wang Mengmeng, Xu bubin, Zhou Bin, et al. Determination of Carthamus tinctorius L.-Ⅰ and glucoside-Ⅱ in different parts of Crocus sativus L. By HPLC [J]. Chinese patent medicine 2019 041(005):1102-1105. 3. Xie Dian, Wang Mengmeng, Xu bubin, etc. Static Analysis of Chinese and Western Carthamus tinctorius L. I and glycoside-II in Jiangxi province [J]. Journal of Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 2019, No.190(06):69-71. 4. Ren Jie, Li Xiaoxiao, Wu Chengbin, etc. Determination of Carthamin in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis by UV spectrophotometry [J]. Brewing, 2018, 45(05):88-90. 5. Liu Dongdong, Qu Baoze, Li present. Effects of crocin on inflammation and lipid metabolism in macrophage foam [J]. Chinese traditional medicines, 2020,42(07):1899-1902. 6. Yang kaihuan, Ren Jie, Yao Gaoyi. Determination of crocin in Zhuyeqing wine by HPLC [J]. Wine, 2018(3):112-114. 7. Xu Lu-ning, Chen Ying. Determination of carthoside Ⅰ in Fujian gardenia fruit and gardenia shell by HPLC [J]. Strait pharmacy, 2017(11):86-88. 8. Peng Ping, Zhang Bei, Du Jing, et al. Quality Characterization of characteristic chromatograms of Angong Niuhuang pills based on natural musk-calculus Bovis and four plant herbs [J]. Chinese herbal medicine, 2019(14). 9. Tian Ruihua, Peng Ping, Liu Xi, et al. Study on the correlation between the quality characterization and the origin of gardenia [J]. World Science and Technology: modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, 2019(5):882-891. 10. Tang, Wei, Wang, Yan, Hui, Lei, Jing, Wei, et al. Fingerprint of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis with different fruit shapes [J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental prescriptions 2018(22):70-76. 11. Liang Xian Kui Wang Yan Hui Lei Jing Wei Gong Haiyan Tang Wei Xie Cai Xia. HPLC fingerprint of different polarity parts of fresh Gardenia jasminoides Ellis with different fruit shapes [J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental prescriptions, 2019, 25(02):186-195. 12. Liang Xian Kui, Wang Yanhui, Lei Jingwei, et al. Content determination and fingerprint of three components in Gardenia Peel, kernel and whisker [J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental prescriptions, 2019, 25(04):200-207. 13. Chen Lin, wenjiaxin, Liu Xiaoxiao, etc. Rapid determination of 12 kinds of yellow pigments in Archanea by HPLC combined with LC-MS/MS [J]. Chinese patent medicine 2017 03(v.39):118-122. 14. Cao Honghong, Yan Weihua, Guo Shuang, et al. Quality Evaluation of gardenia from different habitats based on multi-component determination and fingerprint [J]. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2019, v.44(18):196-203. 15. Cao Honghong, Yan Weihua, Guo Shuang, etc. Study on processing technology of gardenia and changes of chemical composition of ginger before and after processing [J]. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2019, 26 (24). 16. Xu Qianqian, Qian Xudong, Sun fan, Liu Heng, Dan Zhijie, Gong Jing, Zhang xuerru. Effects of crocin on inflammatory response and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with depression after ischemic stroke [J]. Chinese Journal of Immunology, 2021,37(02):179-185. 17. Zhu Yingjie, Yang Yajie, Li qunhe, Zou Yingsheng, Luo Zisheng. Evaluation of bioactive components and antioxidant activity of gardenia fruit oil [J]. Modern food science and technology, 2021,37(02):103-113 102. 18. Teng, Shanshan, et al.. "Frontiers in pharmacology 12 (2021): 377. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.639458 19. Zhang, Dong, et al. "Crocin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome by protecting against glycocalyx damage and suppressing inflammatory signaling pathways." Inflammation Research 69.3 (2020): 267-278. 20. Li, Li, Chen Shen, Ya-Xuan Huang, Ya-Nan Li, Xiu-Feng Liu, Xu-Ming Liu, and Ji-Hua Liu. 2018." A New Strategy for Rapidly Screening Natural Inhibitors Targeting the PCSK9/LDLR Interaction In Vitro" Molecules 23, no. 9: 2397. 21. Wang, Lu, et al. "Characterization of interaction property of multi‐components in Gardenia jasminoides with aldose reductase by microdialysis combined with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 30 (2 22. Wang, Lu, et al. "Characterization of interaction property of multi‐components in Gardenia jasminoides with aldose reductase by microdialysis combined with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 30 (2 23. Xu, Jun. "Improved approaches and strategies for analyzing decoctions of medicinal herbs." (2016). 24. [IF=2.928] Chunyue Wang et al."Investigation of the neuroprotective effects of crocin via antioxidant activities in HT22 cells and in mice with Alzheimer's disease."Int J Mol Med. 2019 Feb;43(2):956-966 25. [IF=5.81] Shanshan Teng et al."The Protection of Crocin Against Ulcerative Colitis and Colorectal Cancer via Suppression of NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation."Front Pharmacol. 2021 Mar 18;12:639458 26. [IF=4.225] Qiu Ye et al."The Hypoglycemic and Renal Protection Properties of Crocin via Oxidative Stress-Regulated NF-κB Signaling in db/db Mice."Front Pharmacol. 2020 Apr;11:541 27. [IF=3.174] Dong Zhang et al."Crocin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome by protecting against glycocalyx damage and suppressing inflammatory signaling pathways."Inflamm Res. 2020 Mar;69(3):267-278 28. [IF=10.479] Weiwei Tao et al."A natural carotenoid crocin exerts antidepressant action by promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling."J Adv Res. 2022 Mar;: 29. [IF=5.279] Xiaoling Liu et al."Crocetin Alleviates Ovariectomy-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction through Regulating Estrogen Receptor β."J Agr Food Chem. 2021;XXXX(XXX):XXX-XXX |
Overview | Crocin, also known as Crocin, is a water-soluble carotenoid compound of saffron (saffron) A series of ester glycosides formed by combining crocetin with different sugars is one of the main active ingredients of saffron, including crocin -1, crocin -2, crocin -3, crocin -4 and crocetin, with central blood pressure, prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, anti-thrombosis, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-myocardial ischemia and anti-inflammatory and treatment of soft tissue damage, choleretic and liver protection, anti-tumor and other pharmacological effects, in food, pharmaceutical, chemical and other industries have a wide range of applications, clinical applications in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease and fatty liver. Fig. 1 is the structural formula of crocin |
saffron | saffron (saffron), also known as saffron and saffron, is a perennial flower of the genus Iridaceae. Its medicinal part is the dry stigma of saffron. It is a traditional Chinese medicine and a common spice. It is mainly distributed in southern Europe, Iran and other places, and there is a small amount of cultivation in my country. The name of the saffron flower was originally seen in the "Materia Medica Collection Essentials", but its practical application history was far earlier than this period, and it was recorded in the documents of Kashmir in the fifth century BC abroad. In my country's "Compendium of Materia Medica" is included in the category of grass and wet grass, and the translated names are "Pofu Blue" and "Sa Franc", which is the transliteration of the English name of the saffron. Li Shizhen said: "The saffron goes out of the west and returns to the ground and the heavenly kingdom, that is, the red and blue flowers of the other place. According to Zhang Hua's "Natural History", Zhang Qian got red and blue flowers planted in the Western Regions, then this is one kind, or the local atmosphere is slightly different ". Traditional Chinese medicine believes that saffron has the effects of dredging the meridians and activating collaterals, clearing the meridians and removing stasis, dispersing depression and blooming, reducing swelling and relieving pain. It is mainly used to treat depression, chest and diaphragm tightness, irregular menstruation, postpartum congestion, bruises, etc. Saffron is known as "plant gold. The main active ingredients of saffron crocus acid and crocin have anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-tumor, antidepressant, hypoglycemic, lowering blood pressure and other pharmacological activities. Crocin mainly refers to the non-teterpene pigments that exist in saffron. This type of compound can be considered as the product of the oxidation cut off of carrot compounds in plants, including crocin -1, crocin -2, crocin -3, crocin -4 and crocic acid. Because the aqueous solution of saffron has bright yellow and fragrance, saffron is often used as a high-grade food additive and food coloring, and can also be used as a high-grade dye for silk, cotton and wool products. In recent years, pharmacological studies on saffron have shown that saffron has a good preventive effect on cancer, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and other diseases, and has good medicinal value. Fig. 2 is saffron |
properties and stability | under normal circumstances, it will not decompose and there is no dangerous reaction. The hue is hardly affected by the pH value. It is more stable than β-carotene in both acidic and alkaline media, and yellow is more distinctive when alkaline. The maximum absorption wavelength is 440nm. Salt resistance, reduction resistance, microbial resistance are good, heat resistance, light resistance in acid time difference, metal ion resistance (except iron, black in case of iron) is good. It is more stable when dyed with starch and protein, but not stable enough in aqueous solution. |
pharmacological action | 1. calcium antagonism cicranin can inhibit the increase of intracellular calcium ions and has obvious calcium antagonism. It can block the calcium channel of the cell membrane to inhibit the influx of calcium ions outside the cell, and can regulate the release of calcium ions in the calcium pool in the cytoplasm, and finally achieve the effect of reducing calcium. Studies have shown that, regardless of the presence or absence of calcium ions outside the cell, cicellulin has a significant inhibitory effect on the increase of intracellular calcium ion concentration caused by H2O2. The reason is that cicellulin can inhibit the influx of extracellular calcium ions and the release of calcium ions on the endoplasmic reticulum. 2. The effect of lowering blood sugar and lipid, cicarnoside can significantly improve the liver function and blood environment of patients with fatty liver, and has a good therapeutic effect on fatty liver. Medium and high doses of crocin can significantly reduce the content of blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein in hyperlipidemia type 2 diabetic rats, and increase sucrose glucose tolerance and high density lipoprotein content. It is speculated that crocin may play a role in the clinical treatment of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. 3. Anti-atherosclerosis atherosclerosis is directly related to endothelial cell dysfunction. Crocin can increase the activity of NOS and NO content in cells, thus protecting endothelial cells from damage. Crocin has protective effects on endothelial cell injury caused by different inducements, and its protective mechanism may be related to the anti-lipid peroxidation effect of Crocin and the regulation of BaxmRNA expression. 4. Liver protection effect Saffron can reduce the increase of ALT, AST and MDA caused by external factors, and has a certain protective effect on liver injury. 5. Anti-tumor effect of caffarin has anti-proliferative effect on tumor cells, which can block tumor cells in G0/G1 phase, affect RNA transcription and regulate the synthesis of related proteins, thus inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells. 6. The antioxidant effect is within a certain mass concentration range. The ability of crocin acid and crocin dimethyl ester to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals is significantly stronger than BHT, and it is an excellent natural antioxidant. 7. The therapeutic effect on coronary heart disease. Crocus polyglycosides tablets have a good therapeutic effect on heart and blood stasis type coronary heart disease. It can not only significantly reduce the number of angina pectoris attacks and the degree of pain, but also improve other symptoms at the same time, so that Chinese medicine The symptoms are improved; Crocus polyglycosides have a quick effect, and have curative effects on different degrees of angina pectoris and different types of angina pectoris. It is an ideal new drug for blood stasis and chest obstruction. 8. Anti-apoptotic crocin has inhibitory effect on apoptosis induced by triol, TNF -α, H2O2, etc. 9. Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Crocin has obvious anti-cancer and anti-cancer effects, and has strong inhibitory effects on cervical cancer, leukemia, bladder cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer and other cell lines. 10. Anti-oxidation and anti-free radical crocin can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species, thus having obvious anti-oxidation and anti-free radical effects. 11. Anti-inflammatory crocin has obvious anti-inflammatory effect. In vitro administration of crocin showed a dual inhibitory effect on COX -1 and COX -2 enzymes. In vivo administration was found to dose-dependently inhibit xylene-induced swelling of mouse auricles and carrageenan-induced swelling of rat toes by oral administration of crocin. 12. Other crocin has hypoglycemic effect on streptozotocin-induced hyperlipidemia type 2 diabetes in rats. In addition, crocin has improved learning and memory ability, sex hormone-like effects and central excitation effects. (2016-02-02) |
preparation method | gardenia yellow pigment is the yellow pigment in gardenia fruit, and its main components are porphytin and porphyric acid. 1. Ethanol extraction method Gardenia jasminoides L. after impurity removal, sun drying, peeling and crushing (over 0.21mm), it is immersed with Bo% ethanol and stirred for 48 hours (or leaching for 4 times, 12 hours each time); Filtering, adding the same amount of 120# gasoline to the filtrate, stirring for half an hour; Let stand and layer, take the lower liquid (ethanol layer) and filter; the filtrate is distilled under reduced pressure to recover ethanol to obtain an extract product containing about 50% solids. 2. The yellow gardenia fruit is dried, peeled and crushed by water extraction method, passed through a 0.21mm sieve, added with 10 times soft water, and soaked for 3 hours; Filtration, the filter residue is stirred and washed twice with the same amount of clear water, and filtered to dry; Merge the filtrates, let stand for 4 hours, first filter the supernatant, then filter the precipitate to obtain the clear liquid, and control the dry content of 3.0% ~ 5.0%; Concentrate at normal pressure to about 40% dry matter, then it is concentrated under reduced pressure (87 ~ 96kPa), and a certain amount of alcohol is added to the concentrated solution to precipitate pectin and other impurities. Let stand for 2~3 hours, filter to obtain the purified liquid, and the purified liquid is adsorbed by non-polar porous polymer resin to further remove impurities to obtain the refined liquid. After distillation and recovery of ethanol, spray drying to obtain the powder product with a yield of 8%. 3. Crush the gardenia fruit into powder, or soak the powder in water to make an orange liquid, or dry the flowers of the above-mentioned plants, hot dip with ether, and then cold dip with 7% ethanol, add 95% The oily substance precipitated after ethanol is placed and treated with ethanol and ether hot solution to obtain crystals. |
separation and purification | 1. macroporous adsorption resin method combined with silica gel chromatography: firstly, SX-2 resin is used to remove impurities and enrich the extract to obtain gardenia yellow pigment with color value ≥ 300 and OD value <0.4, then silica gel column chromatography is carried out, and different proportions of ethyl acetate-methanol-water system are used for elution to collect the required fraction, crocin -1 with purity above 98% was obtained, which explored a feasible route for the preparation of crocin standard. 2. Using methanol-acetic acid system, the crocin from the methanol extract of Crocus chinensis was separated by HPLC. 3. The low-pressure preparation liquid phase is used to separate crocin, which can separate 5 kinds of crocin at one time with purity higher than 97%, which greatly improves the preparation efficiency of crocin standard. The preparation conditions are as follows: the filler is styrene-divinylbenzene polymer bonded with n-butane, the particle size is 57~76 μm, the preparation column is 50 cm × 1.5cm, and the purification column is 60 cm × 0.8cm, using methanol-water system as mobile phase gradient elution [φ (acetonitrile) ∶φ (water) is 50 ∶ 50~95 ∶ 5], the working pressure is 2 × 105Pa. |
identification test | when one drop of sulfuric acid is added to the sample, it immediately slowly changes from dark blue to purple and then to reddish brown. When 1ml of 0.5% diphenylamine sulfuric acid and 4ml of water are added to the sample, the following color changes should occur, namely yellow → blue → red → brown. Microscopic test in the sample to add phosphomolybdic acid sulfuric acid mixed solution (10% sodium phosphate molybdate 4 parts plus sulfuric acid 6 parts) after observation under the microscope, can see blue-green precipitation. Melting point crocin is 186 ℃; Crocin acid is 285 ℃. Measured by conventional methods. The color in the solvent makes the water yellow. In ether or petroleum ether, make it light yellow. accurately weigh a certain amount of sample, the sample amount is subject to the measured absorbance within the range of 0.2~0.7, add 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid to 100ml, centrifuge if necessary, take 1ml, add 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid to 100ml, and use this as sample solution. To measure its absorbance, there should be an absorption peak near the wavelength of 440nm. Take 0.5g of sample and add 2ml of concentrated sulfuric acid. The original yellow solution turns dark blue and turns brown after a short period of purple. Wet the powder sample with a small amount of water and add antimony trichloride test solution (TS-33), it should appear blue to blue-green. Take a microcrystalline cellulose thin layer chromatography plate, at about 20ram from one end as the center line, and take the sample liquid on the center line with a spacing of more than 10mm (at least from both sides. 10mm), make the diameter of the spot about 3mm, air dry. Use a mixture of isoamyl alcohol, acetone and water (5:6:5) as a spreading solvent to spread at room temperature. When the front of the spreading solvent rises to about 15cm from the center line, the thin layer plate is taken out and air dried. The Rf value of the digentiose ester of Tibetan flower acid is near the 0.6, and the Rf value of Tibetan flower acid is near the 0.9, and yellow spots appear. |
toxicity | ADI is used as a food ingredient (FAO/WHO,2001):LD5024g/kg (mouse, oral). CFR,§ 73.500,2000: Safe for general food. GMP is limited. LD5027g/kg. China has been used as traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times for the preparation of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction, Jiamai Xiaoyao Powder, Gardenia Baipi Decoction, etc. |
usage limit | GB 2760-2001(g/kg): fruit juice (flavor) drinks, carbonated drinks, prepared wine, pastries, pastries, ice cream, popsicles, jelly, candied fruit, puffed food, flour cakes, candy, canned chestnuts, ice cream, 0.3; 1.0 of baked wheat (in terms of skin); milk yellow stuffing 0.2 (in terms of stuffing). FEMA(mg/kg): beverage 1.3; Baked food 10; Alcoholic beverage 200; Meat 260. |
application | 1. clinically, it is mostly used in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases and fatty liver. 2. As a food colorant, China stipulates that it can be used in fruit juice (flavor) beverages, prepared wine, candy, popsicles, ice cream, jelly, candied fruit, puffed food, cakes, flour cakes and canned chestnuts, with a maximum usage of 0.3 g/kg. 3. Crocin inhibits the growth of cancer cells in vitro. Has choleretic effect: inhibit the appearance of bilirubin in rabbits with ligated common bile ducts. It has obvious hypolipidemic effect. Used as yellow food coloring. |
use | edible yellow pigment. Edible yellow pigment; spice. According to Japanese regulations, it can be used in cakes, jelly, candy, noodles, cold drinks, etc. with an dosage of 0.001% ~ 0.2%. It can also be used in sausage casing, margarine, shortening, food trademark pigment ingredients, etc. as a food colorant, China stipulates that it can be used in fruit juice (flavor) beverages, prepared wine, candy, popsicles, ice cream, jelly, candied fruit, puffed food, cakes, flour cakes and canned chestnuts, with a maximum usage of 0.3 g/kg. In the natural pigment of the yellow system, the flower element is relatively stable, has the characteristics of light resistance, heat resistance, metal ion resistance and chemical resistance, etc., and the color change is basically not affected by pH, especially for protein, starch, It also has excellent dyeability. Therefore, it is used in various foods mainly in noodles, cakes, and sugar-boiled chestnuts. The product has high safety. Acute toxicity test was carried out on mice, and there were no deaths at 15 g/kg through the mouth. Subchronic toxicity test was carried out with 2% feed added with this pigment, and the result was no abnormality. If the dose is converted by human body (50kg), it is equivalent to 200g per person per day. Therefore, it can be considered completely harmless at the usual concentration. In China, gardenia yellow pigment is used in candy, biscuits, egg rolls, orange juice, soda, cold drinks and fruit wine, with good results. |
production method | dry gardenia fruit is peeled, crushed, extracted with water or warm water to obtain yellow pigment solution, and then filtered into transparent liquid. After concentration and sterilization, the following three forms of products can be made. (1) The aqueous solution product is prepared by adding a certain amount of propanediol to its aqueous solution. (2) The powder product is made by adding a certain amount of water-soluble sugars to the pigment stock solution after sterilization and concentration, and spray drying. (3) Mixed powder product The original powder obtained by direct spray drying of the pigment stock solution. It is mixed with powdered sugars. Gardenia yellow pigment is the yellow pigment in gardenia fruit, the main component is caffinine, and caffinic acid. Ethanol extraction method: Gardenia jasminoides fructus after impurity removal, sun drying, peeling and crushing (over 0.21mm), immersion with Bo% ethanol and stirring for 48h (or leaching for 4 times, 12h each time); Filtration, adding the same amount of 120# gasoline to the filtrate, stirring for half an hour; Standing for stratification, taking the lower liquid (ethanol layer) for filtration; The filtrate is distilled under reduced pressure to recover ethanol to obtain an extract product containing about 50% solid. The yellow gardenia fruit is dried, peeled and crushed by water extraction method, passed through a 0.21mm sieve, added with 10 times soft water, and soaked for 3 hours; Filtration, the filter residue is stirred and washed twice with the same amount of clear water, and filtered to dry; Merge the filtrates, let stand for 4 hours, first filter the supernatant, then filter the precipitate to obtain the clear liquid, and control the dry content of 3.0% ~ 5.0%; Concentrate at normal pressure to about 40% dry matter, then it is concentrated under reduced pressure (87 ~ 96kPa), and a certain amount of alcohol is added to the concentrated solution to precipitate pectin and other impurities. Let stand for 2~3 hours, filter to obtain the purified liquid, and the purified liquid is adsorbed by non-polar porous polymer resin to further remove impurities to obtain the refined liquid. After distillation and recovery of ethanol, spray drying to obtain the powder product with a yield of 8%. When the perennial herb saffron ((CrocussatvusL) of the Iridaceae family is not yet in full bloom, pick the pistils (its stigma and style, called "saffron"), and use hot ash or charcoal fire at a temperature of about 30 ℃ Dry to make powder. 15~200,000 flowers are needed to make 1kg powder. Red dark and shiny is a good product. In recent years, tissue culture has been used in Japan. The gardenia fruit is crushed into powder, or leached with water or ethanol to make a yellow liquid, and then concentrated and dried. Or after drying the saffron, hot dipping with ether, then cold dipping with 7% ethanol, adding oily substances precipitated after 95% ethanol is placed, and processing with ethanol and ether hot solution to obtain crystals. |
toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |